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=__**Genetics-**__ __** study of heredity **__ =
 * Nicole Lee&Kiley Blazek**

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 -While examining a  pea plant he discovered that offspring inherit two genes, one from the mother and one from the father. If these two genes are different, then the offspring takes on the dominant gene, and the recessive gene produces no visible result. He then estimated that this process, later known as "  Mendel  's Law of Segregation," could be applied to all species, including humans. ======

**-He observed 7 traits... **
1. flower color is purple or white 2. flower position is axil or terminal 3. stem length is long or short. 4. pod shape is inflated or constricted 5. pod color is yellow or green 6. seed shape is round or wrinkled 7. seed color is yellow or green

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***VOCAB: **
-Gene- sequence of DNA coding (ATGC) -Trait- expression of a gene -Allele- a single letter representing a trait ex: T=tall t=short <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">-Dominant=overpowering <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">-Recessive <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">-Homozygous Dominant (Pure/True) =TT <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">-Homozygous Recessive (Pure/True) =tt <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">-Heterozygous (Hybrid/Carrier) =Tt <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">-Genotypic Ratio- 2 alleles giving up trait (Genotype) <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">ex: (2TT:2Tt) <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">-Phenotypic Ratio- expression/identification showing trait (Phenotype) <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">ex: (4tall:0short)

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<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">-Test cross- finding an unknown by crossing it with another homozygous recessive



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**<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">-Punnett Squares... **
<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">EX: <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">G=Tall <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">g=short <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">-Phenotypic Ratio- (3tall:1short) <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">-Genotypic Ratio- (1GG:2Gg:1gg)

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**<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">*Multiple Alleles **
<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">ex:Blood Types <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">A=Type A (dominant) <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">B=Type B (dominant) <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">i=Type O (recessive)

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Types: <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">AA-A <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Ai-A <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">BB-B <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Bi-B <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">AB-AB <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">ii-O

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<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">-Co-Dominance=together <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">ex: black+white=black AND white (BW)

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">-incomplete Dominance=mixing <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">ex: red+white=pink (RW)

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**<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">*Petagree Charts=genetic family tree **
<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">-circle=females <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">-square=male <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">-filled in circle/square=has trait <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">-half filled in/half not=heterozygous

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**<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">*Pedaigree Charts cont. **
<span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">-circle=female=xx <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">-square=male=xy <span style="color: #800080; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">-only x's carry traits

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